Kommentar zu Avodah Zarah 4:8
לוֹקְחִין גַּת בְּעוּטָה מִן הַגּוֹי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל בְּיָדוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לַתַּפּוּחַ. וְאֵינוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה יֵין נֶסֶךְ, עַד שֶׁיֵּרֵד לַבּוֹר. יָרַד לַבּוֹר, מַה שֶּׁבַּבּוֹר אָסוּר, וְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּר:
Es ist erlaubt, eine ausgetretene Weinpresse von einem Nichtjuden zu kaufen, [der auf die Trauben trat], obwohl er (der Nichtjude) [Trauben aus dem Wein] in die Hand nimmt und sie auf den Tapuach [den Ort (geformt wie ein) legt Hügel), wo die Trauben gesammelt werden. Unsere Tanna ist der Meinung, dass es kein verbotener Wein (Yayin Nesech) wird, bis er zur Zisterne hinabsteigt. (Dies ist eine frühere Mischna und nicht die Halacha, aber sobald der Wein herunterläuft, ist es yayin nesech)]. Es ist nicht yayin nesech, bis es zur Zisterne hinabsteigt. Sobald es zur Zisterne hinabsteigt [— dann, wenn ein Nichtjude es berührt], ist das, was sich in der Zisterne befindet, verboten und der Rest ist erlaubt.
Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
When it has descended into the vat, what is in the vat is prohibited; But the remainder is permitted.
In chapter two, mishnah three, we learned that Jews may not drink wine touched by non-Jews, lest they had used the wine as a libation. The remainder of tractate Avodah Zarah will deal with the prohibition of non-Jewish wine. Our mishnah defines at what point in the process of wine-pressing do the grapes and grape juice begin to be considered wine.
Section one: A Jew may buy a winepress and all of the grapes that are being trodden in it from a non-Jew, even though the non-Jew has lifted up the trodden grapes and moved them into a different heap. At this point in their processing the grapes are not yet considered wine, and therefore their being handled by a non-Jew does not make them “yen nesek”, which is forbidden to Jews. In other words, while we might suspect that non-Jews offer up libations with wine, they will not do so with grapes that are not yet fully pressed, nor will they do so with grape juice. Only when the juice has descended into the vat where it will ferment into wine is it considered yen nesek.
When the wine does descend from the winepress into the vat, the wine which is in the vat is prohibited. However, that which remains above in the winepress is still permitted, even though it has been handled by a non-Jew.